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Smbat II of Armenia
Smbat II ((アルメニア語:Սմբատ Բ Տիեզերակալ), Smbat II Master of the Universe) reigned as King of Armenia from 977 to 989. He was of the Bagratuni line of kings, and the son of Ashot III, whom he succeeded.
==Life==
Smbat was coronated king on the same day of his father's death.〔Garsoïan, Nina G. (1997). "The Independent Kingdoms of Medieval Armenia," in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century'', ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 179.〕 He ruled from the city of Ani, which he fortified. In particular, he ordered the construction of a wall around Ani, also building towers and fortifications to protect the city from north to west. He began the construction of the Cathedral of Ani.〔 Arakelyan, Babken N. (1976), "Բագրատունյաց թագավորույունը X դարի վերջին և XI դարի սկզբներին" (Bagratuni Kingdom from the Late Tenth to the Early Eleventh Centuries ) in ''Հայ Ժողովրդի Պատմություն'' (of the Armenian People ), eds. Tsatur Aghayan et al. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 130-31.〕 His reign was generally a time of peace,〔 Grousset, René (1947). ''Histoire de l'Arménie, des origines à 1071''. Paris, Payot, pp. 500ff.〕 only disturbed by conflict between Smbat and his uncle Mushegh in Kars. The latter in 982 incited the Sallarid ''emir'' of Āzarbāijān, Abu'l-Haija, to capture and Dvin, attack Smbat's domains and demand from him a tribute.〔Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram N. (1976). ''The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia.'' Trans. Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, pp. 100-01.〕 This state of affairs was quickly brought to an end when Abu'l-Haija was captured by Abu Dulaf, the Muslim ''emir'' of Goght'n. Smbat concluded a peace with Abu Dulaf that left the ''emir'' in control of Dvin and Goght'n.〔Arakelyan, "The Bagratuni Kingdom from the Late Tenth to the Early Eleventh Centuries," p. 129.〕 Smbat inspired contention with the Armenian Church when he married his own niece (sister's daughter), which the church strongly opposed.〔Arakelyan, "The Bagratuni Kingdom from the Late Tenth to the Early Eleventh Centuries," pp. 133-34.〕
King Smbat died and was buried in Ani in 989,〔Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79)," ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 35 (2013), pp. 149, 174.〕 while the architect, Trdat, by order of the king, had started laying the foundations of the Cathedral of Ani. This building is still standing today, and with its unique style and simple decorations, is regarded as one of the masterpieces of Armenian architecture. As he did not have any male issue Smbat II succeeded by his brother Gagik I.
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